The study data were divided into 3 age groups (group 1: 50 years) to facilitate the detection of differences in the dimensions of the PH according to age group.ĬBCT images covering the posterior maxillary region, irrespective of the age and sex of patients, were included in the study. The CBCT scans of 1000 patients (493 males and 507 females), referred to the Department of Oral Radiology were assessed retrospectively from May 2017 to May 2019. The study was approved by the institutional review board (approval no. Therefore, this study was performed to establish reference standards for PH dimensions according to age and sex using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) among patients treated at a single institution in India. 3 When positive findings are observed in the hamular area, this syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Elongation of the PH is associated with a rare syndrome (pterygoid hamulus syndrome), which shows various and complex symptoms in the palatal and pharyngeal regions and also causes pain and discomfort, especially while swallowing. Proficiency regarding the morphology of this structure is helpful for the interpretation of imaging and provides valuable information for the differential diagnosis of pain in the oral cavity and pharynx with no associated etiological factors.
However, the PH is of interest to all disciplines that deal with this region as it is closely related to the maxilla and oropharynx. 1, 2Įven though the PH, because of its peculiar morphology, is a noteworthy feature of the skull base, it still remains a relatively unexplored region on the anatomical map and very few studies have been conducted on its morphology. Therefore, the position and length of the PH are important for these functions. This hook-like process is of great importance for the functioning of several muscles, and contributes to the separation of the oral cavity from the nasal cavity during sucking and swallowing in the growth and development stages and through adulthood.
The pterygoid hamulus (PH) is an extension at the inferior end of the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.
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